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America World War I Part 6 Wilson's 14 Points Ratification Battle Red Scare

Added Mar 31, 2020 •

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McElhaney talking about America World War I Part 6 Wilson's 14 Points Ratification Battle Red Scare

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welcome back to the history bunker today we're going to talk about the end of World War II number 6 lecture I think you're really going to like this discussion today this is pretty cool that we touched on this last time yeah we finished up women in the war African-Americans we did talk about the army the 11th Hour of the 11th day of the 11th month is the day World War 1 ended a temporarily is called the Armistice it was a cessation of fighting the interesting thing that you get here is the Armistice day is November 11th 11 p.m. on the 11th month in the fighting stops it's not a permanent settlement the Germans had pulled back to the German Frontier the Americans were a million troops and more on the way and Equipment Etc ready to continue the war but the and ask for peace based on Wilson's 14 points with we're going to be in Forest today then they have the Treaty of Versailles Wilson will go to the Treaty of Versailles or to Versailles and he will negotiate to try to create a just lasting peace unfortunately it will not work properly the big four are going to be Wilson clemenceau David Lloyd George and Orlando of Italy take a look at them but it talk about the League of Nations Wilson's baby his his ideal his collective security concept about International cooperation hopefully his his hopes and dreams were put into the League of Nations and they were dashed when the Americans did not join it I will talk about the ratification battle between the Republicans Henry Cabot Lodge is the man in the Senate who is saying no to the league as it was and then we got the influenza epidemic very similar to what we're going through right now in the and then the Red Scare is another anti-immigrant anti-socialist he'll fear of post-war 1920s you'll see a lot of Red Scare I'm so again the Armistice November 11th 1918 Germans facing Invasion pulled to the frontier their borders and then they fortify their borders most of the war by the way is not spot in Germany none of it is fought in Germany actually very wasn't destroyed it was bombs like England was London France was totally very much northern France was devastated 14 points can we touchdown those these are Wilson after a lifetime of study he has this Vision to say I know how we can prevent War initially wants what he wants to do this is part of his missionary or moral diplomacy again think of it as Jesus do unto others as you would have them do unto you in this new world order concept of world of cooperation a world of Peace world of equality of treatment with countries of course she's not thinking about all the Empire all the colonies that the other form power specifically England and France the winners have huge Empires but they will by these Concepts to the European losers the Germans the Russians of course I've already quit the war and the Turks they will lose all of their colonies in the Middle East and or their empire are in the Middle East and then of course Austria-Hungary Empire will disintegrate and they'll be very very different and here's a quote by Wilson we entered this war because of Elations of right had occurred which touched us to the quick and made life for our own people impossible unless they were corrected and the world's secured once and for all against their recurrence here were talking about submarine warfare the man in this war therefore has nothing peculiar to ourselves it is that the world be made fit and safe to live in and particularly that it be made safe for every peace-loving nation which like our own wishes to live its own life determine its own Institution be assured of justice and fair dealing by the other peoples of the world as against force and selfish aggression All Peoples of the world are in effect Partners in this interest in for our own part we see very clearly Justice be done to others it will not be done to us again he has have ideals and vision for the future and that is going to be very very important when you think about Wilson's Legacy in the 20 20th and 21st centuries every president beginning with FDR follows his example of a collective security United States has a vital role to play we must cool operate with the powers to make maintain stability and therefore prevent War 14 point specifically were contained in the Treaty of Versailles that's why we care about the Treaty Versailles or one of the reasons that they were supposed to be identified and here are a few of them self determination means Independence for colonies Britain and England excuse me Britain Francois not like this and they will resist it and reject it for the losers yes for Germany that will lose their colonies and of course Austria-Hungary will have no colonies Freedom of the Seas is the reason we started the war and Wilson is going to say that's just basic greater freedom of tray that's globalization that's going to be the future of the world after World War II no secret treaties that was because of the cause of the war you know that Central Powers and that the Allied Powers had their own secret treaties nobody really knew about it there for the war blows up into this massive conflagration reduction of armaments that they don't want an arms they were at in the middle of an arms race in Europe building armies building arm is building armies and navies and navies at cetera and that's not going to Wilson suggest if you build the armaments then you're going to want to use him to hook pressure to use a mini suggest let's not do that again and then lastly that League of Nations the baby this is Wilson's baby a Cooperative organization World organization were they agreed of a certain certain terms and and they going to prevent Wars again this will not be successful in this will be a problem that results in World War II here are the Big Four this is of course Wilson and and this is clemenceau of France and this is a guy named Orlando and then this is David Lloyd George I can't write on this route again Wilson goes but these two guys France and England are going to dominate because they had lost the most resources they lost the most men it cost them the most so therefore they're going to demand certain things happen for example Germany will take full blame for the war Germany it wasn't their fault that was an unjust element but that's what they insisted in this there will bring us back and we'll work and complain about it this is a terrible map and I'm sorry but this really does show that kind of a neat elements of the Treaty of Versailles new countries are created Poland is created K there's Poland poetess created you brain is created Belarus is created out of Russia we got Latvia Lithuania and Estonia are created Austria-Hungary is our Australia is only the small country Yugoslavia is created Romania Czechoslovakia and of course Germany loses territory Russia loses a ton Austria-Hungary loses a ton also he can't turkey turkey loses the Middle East here this is Syria was going to France temporarily Iraq Saudi Arabia Palestine all of those areas will go to Great Britain we go from there show the map of Europe is fundamentally changed Wilson comes home Wilson comes home okay cool I think it was work sorry for the delay keep going Wilson comes home or at least goes to the Treaty of Versailles he comes back and remember in American government the Senate the Senate must ratify ratify means to approve the the treaty the president the Senate approves at by a vote a majority vote well the problem with Wilson is that they have a Republican Senate in the majority is leader is a guy named Henry Cabot Lodge the lodge hated Wilson and he wanted to see Wilson suffer now Wilson made a bunch of Errors when he went to the Treaty of Versailles he didn't bring anyone or he didn't bring any Republicans and that was very foolish politically the Republic want to damage Wilson they want to stop all the reforms that he was doing they want to go back to more conservative elements and they didn't like this idea this is a fundamental change this league of nation demands in locks the Americans into a response if there is another war that is declared he wanted to see a weakened weakening of the league the charter this is what Wilson really was in love with he said no we can't he Wilson made a lot of mistakes he was a he he didn't compromise he didn't he didn't want any change to the league and Henry Cavill remember what he's going back to Washington remember Washington's attitude in the Farewell Address stay out of entangling alliances course washing them that turn but he said stay out of the problems of Europe and this is now demanding that the United States play a role so what United States now is fundamentally if we participate in the League of Nations will be rejecting the role of isolation or the The Stance of isolation and so Henry Cabot Lodge wants to reduce the wording in this Covenant Charter that would say Americans would have to support the defense of a another country to follow that again American sovereignty is compromised the League of Nations if if it's an alliance we are abound by this league if we enter we promised to do what they say we promise to follow those directions and that is definitely a American sovereignty Wilson didn't have a problem with it he said it was essential we are one of the best at the end of World War 1 we are the world's number one power we have the strongest economy we have the strongest Navy we had Army which we demobilize by the way and so industrial power was huge and so Wilson saw that with this large power we had this great responsibility and he wanted us to exercise that responsibility all of these things were going to be dealt with in the League of Nations immigration tariffs the ability to use force and again Henry Cabot Lodge doesn't agree with any of those in number one about all of it is domestic politics he wants to weaken the Democratic party so Wilson has to convince the senate in the Senate is already saying no and the majority of the Senate is Republican what is Wilson do he always look at this political cartoon again GOP is grand old party it's the nickname for the Republican Party Henry Cabot Lodge a guy named Knox and a guy named Bora he should be well-known Senators Republican Senators by the way in a nugget of course in the Senate and so here no code of the league scene go to the league in speak no good at the league again what perspective is this showing in apa you're supposed to be able purse back to in the in the AP you're supposed to be able to interpret the, Selma these the documents according to point of view and context Etc really fun I want to show you how to do context context if you're analyzing context of a document or or a topic you look at what's going on before what's going on during and what's going on after and you place that in a historical context so 1990 1918 Republicans control Congress they had World War 1 post-war Treaty of Versailles here were discussing the League of Nations and the Congress has to approve it or the Senate has to ratify it so it if you understand the car text you're going to understand it comes after the war and basically we when we don't approve it we're going to have an air of isolation afterwards or at least that's what we'll call it a night may or may not be true or it's definitely a mixed bag as they say and so you can analyze contacts if you know what's going on before during after then you know the contacts and then you also know the perspective one more thing is we were isolated I can't draw on this very well but you look at this the context of the ratification is that before we were isolated and then the war and then after we're going to go back to isolation in the 1920s say it's so what's significant about this is that Wilson wants to change this system will send Woodrow Wilson Woodrow Wilson wants to change the situation he wants to make sure that the Americans are not isolated in Moore that we're playing a big role in the future it. it happened until World War II that's kind of why this is kind of an important all right that's said the Republican again the elephant if you you should know this but the elephant is the mascot for the symbol for the Republican Party infanticide again who's who's Wilson's baby Wilson's baby is the League of Nations and the treaty itself and so when when Wilson refuses to compromise to send it says now sorry we're not doing anything we're not we're going to reject it and we're not going to join the League of Nations Wilson ends up going on a speaking tour he chica gets on a train and he goes across the country and he he's going to appeal directly to the people with his rhetoric and his words is really good words and going to put pressure he's going to ask the public to put pressure on the Senate and House Republicans in particular he thinks that's going to work and then he's devastated with a massive stroke and he can't he's incapacitated and he cannot he cannot survive I mean well he survive scuse me he cannot speak he's got aphasia frontal lobe Broca's area because he can't really make words come out properly the League of Nations is dead internationalism is dead America's role in the world is going to be very limited and horse that's kind of weak in the League of Nations it it will be a fundamental reason there's a number of reasons but the fundamental issue in the cause of World War II the harsh peace Americans failure to party to pate and then you know the expansion of the Japanese and the Germans in Asia and then in Europe American policy on popular opinion will reflect isolationism all the way through until World War II at where we change and now we're committed to internationalism and that will be in the UN and again that's FDR again here's another political cartoon hath no fury like a woman scorned and quote and Woodrow hasn't even sent her a picture postcard and again the Senate guess who This Is It soul dude that's Henry Cabot Lodge and he is angry and here's another reference to the Treaty of Versailles or the League of Nations so that's a cartoon about Henry Cabot Lodge criticizing Wilson meanwhile at the end of World War 1 you have this massive pandemic wow another interesting word we was called and they win fluenz a pandemic World War 1 claimed an estimated 16 million influenza epidemic killed more than 20 million people estimated 20 to 60 million people one fifth of the world's population was attacked by the deadly virus course not everybody died but a lot of people within months of that killed more people than any other illness in recorded history know the black playing probably they didn't have really good statistics then but this was much more devastating here's a cool website let me see if we can't see it it's a cool websites called archives.gov influenza epidemic view photos let's say you want to see some phone there's a mail carrier looks familiar don't it nurses let's see what's this letter from the visiting doctor reporting situation superintendent Albuquerque Day School well that's a little it was it was with great deal of pleasure to respond to the Urgent request blah blah blah from I was immediately conveyed this letter size of the prom Polly following a deplorable condition Pueblo itself situated is northward an air mass at Lowe's ceiling the adult Adobe small doors virtually no windows living conditions the flu itself throughout all the Pueblos was a matter of pride importance but seldom lets you use carefully followed out at was seldom full of a pneumonia pleurisy emphysema virtually all the Indians Pastor William please to designate as inflows and proper well this is marginal Nine Pages whoa it's a long letter pneumonia began sometimes immediately upon the completion of influenza property however a few days Innovative between the cessation of course almost without exception throughout all Pueblos pneumonia began has bronchitis the restoration would be normal and send link in a minute that's totally interesting but we need to get back to the lecture all right here we go the influenza epidemic oh and there's one more we got to show you this there's one more video are there stairs sure there's videos online of this but it was influenza song There's an influenza song this really worth your time to look at oh wow you sure here it is look at this people getting water believed that they could be healthy in the morning and dead by now is that cool I had a little bird its name was enza I opened the window influenza totally funny not funny but dark spot black humor but it was very very interesting okay so that was another crisis at the end of first twenty years of the twentieth century kind of like we're 1920 or 2020 right now and we have a another epidemic incredible another byproduct of the wars in India United States is the Red Scare we have to read scared we have one in 1920s and one in 1950s both of them following Wars where was the Red Scare and the Red Scare and what they deal with is specifically the war that the Rivalry between the Communist world and the capitalist world or the Free World so what you're saying is because of the Russian Revolution Russia start of the War beginning 1916 they have a revolution that's where the Bolsheviks you get marks she's me to get Lenin and Trotsky and later on stalling will take over the Soviet Union or the Egg create steak rush and create the Soviet Union and the Soviet Union will be dedicated to the expansion of Communism throughout the world that is the big red flag as it were scaring the  out of people excuse me scaring people away from communism and so United all over Europe between 1920 and 1933 you have this conflict over right right winger left-wingers the Communist on the left and the fascists on the right United States barely have a little bit of a fascist movement but and we have barely have a red scare a communist movement Chief or conservative we didn't we weren't the message of Communism wasn't resonating in America very well it had been there since the Gilded Age since before 1930 was marginal it was lower class was intellectual the little bit of the Union's the iww and the you know the Knights of Labor remember them from the Gilded Age and as well as iww Knights of Labor come on now in the AFL American Federation of Labor they all had some form of Communism going on I had some members who were communist or Anarchy and I believe the government should take a larger role but it takes on new meaning because of the war and because the creation of the comintern which is the international communist organization and also because of the Union made it a part of their policy to spread communism throughout the world so here's a political cartoon again what we're looking at is the United States this is an a anti immigrants message these are undesirables who's undesirable the communist or anarchists and this would be a what we call a nativist xenophobic cartoon saying that immigrants are problematic immigrants are communist immigrants should be banned immigrants are undesirable again the context again remember the word context you must always remember contacts cuz you're going to have to explain the context or the perspective so the context is what's going on during what's going on before and then what's going on after before during and again before was Russian Revolution World War 1 Communist Revolution comintern Soviet Union USSR I remember that's the old name for it and then at this time this will be in the twenties and then this will be you know in the 1920s we will ban immigration we will be hostile to the Communist in our country threats more details again, its revolution call me Miss International comintern Americans become frightened 1918 Whispers at there is a reason for this that we call this a Spur what's what's starts this off is a bombing campaign by anarchists who were communist they said a whole bunch of bombs through the mail to notable people in the country right Wingers for one was the US attorney general his name is Mitchell Palmer Mitchell Palmer what's decor and you could look this up on YouTube is a great documentary called the Red Scare American experience and Palmer basically because these bombs says we have a communist problem and we must crack down on the couch in the United States kind of like you know if we how we had died at 11 that we crack down on terrorist or radical islamist etcetera and so they end up rounding up at 6 personal Edge radicals they deport 500 of them because they can as immigrants they can Deport the American citizens they really can't Deport but it's seen as this Red Scare is seen as a violation of people's rights because again is not illegal to be a communist and you in the United States where the first amendment that says you can believe whatever you want as well as religion freedom of press etcetera so Mitchell Palmer and the Red Scare a reaction by the government the scene is hysterical is over reaction limiting people's rights fun fact J Edgar Hoover who will later be create the FBI me the head of the FBI all the way through 1970s when he dies his known for significant levels of corruption are in terms of abuse of power a jagger Hoover was assistant to Palmer and he makes a name fighting Communists in America lastly here's a picture this is another document of this is Wall Street this is George Washington by the way Wall Street where they sell their stock exchanges this was a horse-drawn by horse-drawn carriage bomb that was detonated in front of the New York Stock change again Red Scare fuels this anti-immigrant feeling that's which had been bubbling all the way back to the 1918 40s and in the late 19th century and early 20th century there's lots of nativism anti-immigrant sentiments that one big example of this Aaron you got to know these guys Sacco and Vanzetti Sacco and Sacco and Vanzetti were two victims of the Red Scare they were Italian immigrants they believe they lived in Louisiana but I could be mistaken but we looked at up on Wikipedia but they were a Canter kiss they were about Anna cuz they said they wanted to see a new world no communist World takeover they were accused of murder there was a bombing and they were basically scapegoated it was a travesty of Justice they were put on trial it was a totally corrupt process world leaders spoke out in neighbor of Sacco and Vanzetti the said that they are innocent and the United States government wanted to send a message I guess and they were executed in the electric chair again it was seen as a nativist xenophobic part of the Red Scare lastly fun fact Thomas Edison invented the electric chair to show the the problems with alternating current and they they will use it to execute people in the United States all the way through the 1950s I believe and sixties here's another example this is a fun fact a red somebody is labeled a red is that communist red is the color of Communism is the color of revolution in here at this picture you see the argument in this is criticizing the Communists and anarchists the arguments the only argument that the Communists have our violence according to this quote a method of converting a method of converting them Doherty the American people rejected it and that's basically at its criticizing the the reds or the Communists in America in Alaska here is Doctor Bolshevik an America remember America is always pretty portrayed as a. Cowboys you know cuz of the Wild West etcetera it's very toddler internationally anytime you want to send a message about America they make him to dress him up as Cowboys and so here's doctor Bolshevik with the Russian remedy cures everything and the big ol strapping American Farmer and cowboy says hey say do I look sick to you and of course he's Giant in this old Bolshevik small doot intellectual and again this is a anti-bolshevik cartoon anti-red and tie communist here's another one holding back holding a Harding in the Brooklyn Eagle this is it does fungus fungus read aliens and so again read mean and in the tree of America and they're they're damaging the tree of America so guess what let's stop immigration and the result will be they will destroy the iww in the 1920s and then they will be very anti-immigrant in the 1920s are going to make immigrant pause the 1920s and we'll come back to that in a future lecture so the next part I want to just bring your attention to is what's go bad sorry about that okay so we're just about done so let's let's hit the next I'm having a glitch Ariel that's better so we're going to come back we're going to come back and we're going to study the next piece will be comparing World War World War II I'll look at it when I get there here we go where is the document World War 1 compared to World War II so we got through the ratification fight we got through Wilson we never and join the League of Nations we forgot to talk about Wilson dang it there's one more thing Matt Wilson we wanted to get to and that was his wife was basically signing bills for Wilson when he was incapacitated with the stroke and the doctor they kept it secret and they didn't disclose that he was having these difficulties today they still have problems with the transparency in the presidency at cetera the next part is World War too and I kind of think we should you should get get to the textbook and read about World War II and we're going to start their next time so much and write me questions if you have any questions thank

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America World War I Part 6 Wilson's 14 Points Ratification Battle Red Scare

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