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Progressives Part 2 Political Reforms

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McElhaney talking about Progressives Political Reforms

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welcome back to the history bunker it's really good to be here with you today today we're going to talk about the progressives progressives and we're going to make sure you're clear on the big idea so let's get started here we go first foremost let's get onto the screen so again today we're going to look at the progressives more specifically I want to make sure that we go through political reform at the state level those include the initiative referendum and recall and these are very very interesting still around today in many states not all states have them but we do have it in here in California reforms city managers and commissions were going to talk with anti-corruption campaign Finance reform that the progressives advocated we're also going to talk about the secret ballot or the Australian ballot that's more of antics campaign reforms and then women's issues last CTR will try to get through some of the Big Ideas in the Theodore Roosevelt administration and that you again will have this PowerPoint in other documents better on that website here for you too for your support and again the bottom line for this again you have to take ownership over trying to learn the material you have to put effort into review you have to put effort into organizing and just noting what you're learning I always recommend again for each of these presentations jot down main ideas either as we go along or you at the end but you're as we go along it's a good idea that make make some notes so that you solidified in your own understanding it's very cognitive will reinforce in your memory if you really want to learn take notes and then you write a summary what we what you learn today about each one of those things in that will go a huge way towards your understanding of the material and then one more thing is to try to do what we call a self-check all these key terms here that we started with now we talked about a bunch of them already it just a check off a few weeks about the muckrakers McClure's Ida Tarbell Lincoln Stephen Upton Sinclair the jungle just briefly so those you may not know at least you should know again where are the political reforms today hits you should know kind of like some of these questions again examples of the reforms problems are trying to address we did that last time like corruption pollution problems in the city's problems in business regulation or fair business practices you should know about some people again the three presents we went over TR Taft and Wilson among others is the reform political economic social I get these were frowns to the the type of reforms so you should be able to once we finish sort this is a political reform is this an economic reform this is a social reform which presidency does a few think Wilson does a lot more make sure you you get both of them clear how successful was the reform and that's the big question in the end it's massively successful with the government has prevention in our society today because of progresses they go back because they set the standard that government can be used to help all right so let's rock and roll with our topics for today and that is what political reforms alright let's talk about that so the first idea is the strategy is to seduce me the goal is to end corruption so this is the goal how do you do it well through expansion of democracy we call that the strategy the progressives wanted to end the corruption of the political machines we talked about that earlier in the Gilded Age corruption meaning if you have money you are appropriately influence the the government that your representatives they make you give them money they make laws that are favorable to you so some federal reforms that are political nature is the women's vote for sure the 19th Amendment and the income tax we already talked about that one as a way to remove the Tariff remember so and then there's one more at at least it's not on here that should be just fix that now they're the 17th amend which was direct election of senators we talked about that in the last presentation that's huge that expands democracy the idea is instead of the state legislatures sending representatives to the Senate the the people vote now that's a new reef and then the 19th amendment of course is women's suffrage again making it legal for women to vote all throughout the country so as we continue State reforms look at these These are kind of difficult initiative referendum recall and then direct primary now what significant in its again I'm having difficulty drawing on this thing but I'm going to do my best so in order to understand those programs of initiative referendum and recall I'm so sorry it's so bad the idea is well before this what it how did it work you had the state legislature right the state legislature was composed of two houses in California we have the assembly and then we also have a senate and cow 40 and what they do is they make laws you know about that already they vote on a law it gets 51% in the assembly 51% in the house or shoot me the Senate and then it goes to the executive remember who the executive branch is it's the governor right and the governor takes that proposed law and he's got a couple options he signs it and it becomes law okay he signs it now that means it's a law Eufaula okay or he can veto the it's very much like the president okay and if you Beto's it then it goes back to the house that that created it so that's the lawmaking process clear now what initiative referendum and recall does is they change this system so for example you have voters here okay citizen in citizens now what initiative hears the word initiative so initiative is where a citizen has an idea I have an idea that's called an initiative and I want that to be put on ballot the ballot is what everyone in this state votes on and so a citizen a has an idea I want a law that says you can't take money take from corporations for example so that's this citizen a has that idea so he puts that initiative to the population to the people and he gets signatures the voters let's say the voters sign the the initiative and say yeah that's good enough once they get a minimum amount of signatures it goes to the ballot and then on the next election the listen to vote for this initiative Eufaula so far and if I could draw it easier I would but the voters Kathy at law they get enough signatures that goes on the ballot that's called and then everyone votes on it okay so that's called a referendum referendum when all the students vote on what idea they are all the citizens are voting on this initiative now if he gets 51% of the vote means more people want it then guess what definition of automatically becomes law and so what the initiative referendum and recall does and this is one of the big big legacies of the progressives bypasses thus this traditional law making process it changes it so that the people can create a law that what what this means is if the state government is corrupt than the sea it does have a way of bypassing that corruption and that's what the initiative referendum and recall does very similar a recall is when you do the initiative process to remove and back to the Fish Hole like the governor of the governor of a state is when you recall it you get enough signatures on the recall initiative it's called a recall initiative an idea brought by the citizen you get enough votes that it goes on the ballot and then you decide you have the people vote to do I want to keep the governor or do I want to get rid of the governor and that's how it works so initiative referendum and recall lastly direct primary is where instead of the bosses in the back room and this is what they call the political machine the bosses who are corrupt who get the boats that we again we looked at that and then today's set of the bosses who are managing the politics it's the people man has the politics and they have more say so in who runs for president so it's more competitive it's offering more democracy increase in democracy and it in the effort to reduce corruption increase democracy reduce his corruption specifically it makes it more competition in the elections a competition in the election so instead of the bosses get together in and choose somebody now it's call Petition of Voters shoes Okay the voters choose who runs for president Etc that was talked about city managers for a minute okay so city manager and commissions start in this era also and I want to get rid of all this city manager now traditionally with the way a city government operates you have a mayor who strong recipe veto right he's the executive of a city and then you got this thing called a city council the city council the city council basically makes the laws they are elected by different parts of the city that districts in the city precincts whatever you want to call it the district's representatives make the laws the mayor is strong mayor signs the laws or veto laws for the city approves show me the money the mayor has power over the money and that's a lot of corruption there so what now the city manager does is the city manager replaces the potential for corruption at the executive they pass the law and then the professional manager implements the law and prevent corruption that's the way it's supposed to work the city man you're supposed to be above the law. Associated with politics not associated with being elected where you can give patronage back and favors back so the idea was we'll get professional managers to make good decisions and to run the city governor and that way you're going to avoid the political machines or at least try to it wasn't totally successful but it was an idea that you get a lot of city managers start in this era another one is the commission basically commissions are a group of 359 concerned citizens with great integrity and great credibility they are known in their Community for honesty and they're known in their Community for leadership and Integra so not non-corrupt people if you appoint them to these commissions which they oversee the city government at all like the police commissioner the fire commissioner the planning Commissioners the water commissioner things nature and that way these prominent people are overseeing the management or the how the the state or the city institutions are the operating supposed to be outside Party politics that's the idea again commission do I remove some of the some of the corruption but it's not a perfect by any means cuz there's Lowe's opportunity for corruption alrighty so we we talked about 16th 17th and 19th Amendment against State reforms initiative referendum and recall direct primary city manager commissioners campaign Finance reforms again the idea is money in politics is a corrupting influence and so they want to limit contributions they want to close contra since they want to prevent the susceptibility of bribery and things of that nature we still have that problem today they were talking about it back in the night at 1900 and again are 2020 right now and we still have these problems so money in politics is a huge huge problem last night it's the Australian ballot can I show you a picture real quick the Australian ballot is a secret it all it is is a secret ballot and I want to bring your attention to what we talked about Andrew Jackson era real quick I want to show you this here we go I want to show you a sure that reflects oh my God where is it politics in in this era can you see this this is a painting from a guy named Missouri in Missouri Ben 10 I think this I think this is Thomas Hart Benton the classic painting of his I think that's him I think this is one of his paintings do you see it oh well I'm getting confused it's not Thomas ha Benton it's another artist and I apologize for not knowing who it is I want ketchup and so what but what you see in this is this is public vote this is voting Universal manhood suffrage this is what we see with Andrew Jackson in his era and what you see here is public but voting voting everybody knows who you're voting for there was a big Community this is Jacksonian Democracy classic people talking about their issues it's a kind of a community fair this one notably its all males this again is part of the free Progressive Era voting practices open air public all mail and mostly Party politics it's really not worried about the issues that worry about who's in the party who are the our friends that are voting the way we want to vote and so lots of alcohol Setra this was public boating the Australian ballot makes it secret not I can't remember why they call it why they call it the Australian ballot so let's look on Wikipedia also is true about voting method voters method with your voters choice and election referendum are anonymous forestalling attempts to influence by intimidation blackmailing vote-buying Etc history Australia New Zealand I guess that's why do we care secret Valley of Hugh Smith first implemented 1856 there you go so that's why they call it the Australian ballot interesting. That's one of the big programs in anti-corruption private secret ballot if you have a secret ballot than know you can't be intimidated into voting in this scenario if your boss didn't like the way you voted he could fire you that's immoral what's wrong but they could do it and that's kind of the idea people would be intimidated to vote a certain way if it's public we call that social pressure so again we change that under the progressives all right looks like we're making good time let's transition to women's issues this wide if you remember this I guarantee this slide is fundamentally extremely important to c a p curriculum did any women you have to know inside and out any African-Americans issues you got to know inside and out for a pee they're fundamentally about those things all right so let's talk about this woman's issues in this era poverty alcoholism child labor prostitution Public Health birth control prohibition all of these things are going to be things that really drastically affect women again you should be able to identify why but poverty shortens the lifespan of women makes things much more difficult harder Quality of Life alcohol list of all women are the are the victims of alcoholism the husband drinks drinks the money and comes home and is abusive to the wife Etc and the kids this will relate to Prohibition tons of women will support prohibition for these reasons specifically that they are victims of the husband's really you know drinking the process the income and therefore that leads to more poverty and more social domestic problems child labor a course women do not want their children to be working mothers don't want their children you working but because there's no protection for the workers and there was such deep poverty children have to work in many many instances especially for the lower classes prostitution is another issue women in poverty turn to prostitution and they don't you know that's just the reality prostitution is a economic Factor if you had don't have prop poverty you know you really don't have prom public health is another issue you know sanitation disease who has to nurse the women and the family in the in the household back to health is met many times women until they divested interesting sanitation keeping things clean so that the people don't get sick birth control birth control is surprisingly to some man I don't know maybe to some women also is a fundamental issue that emerges in this era not in the modern era people talked about birth control and they misunderstand the origin of it the origin the birth control movement was to save women's lives Women's Health it was a health issue it wasn't about religious practices it wasn't about sexual practices it was that the issues or idea that women were victims of male lust they had no choice whether they could get pregnant husband comes home she wants to get it on and what is the women do she have a part of their wifely duties know they of course submitted to these behaviors but they would get pregnant and it was not uncommon for a woman to be pregnant 10 well 15 times in a lifetime and why because they had no way of preventing it or they didn't really know much about preventing it if you by the way if your pregnant multiple times in your life your health deteriorating and diminished when you have a baby stuck in their your organs get pushed around to get problems with diabetes and high blood pressure childbirth in a multiple births are damaging to a woman's health and women died at all the time from childbirth so it's not as if it is a fundamental women's rights issue for them to fight for birth control who were involved in this women's rights movement not only that mean you'd like to add on to their the traditional women's boat that begins in the 1840s of course so women's suffrage is a big one fundamentally who are women Advocates at this time they are middle-class women are wasp women they are women who have time to devote to public services in public public reforms you're wealthy educated women like Jane Addams and Septra the leaders of the movement you need have to know this Susan B Anthony the was a leader Susan Elizabeth Cady Stanton was a leader Seneca Falls Convention this is essential you must remember this for every AP exam these two were the pioneers 1848 and the document that you need to know that we did you will cover in the earlier first part of the course the Declaration of Sentiments 1848 this is your out of the reform era the 19th century Second Great Awakening you know it is your Christian duty to make a more Christian world that was the message of the Second Great Awakening and you had tons of women involved in the religious revival but also in the reforms that are associated with it and women's suffrage women's rights movement Seneca Falls is one of the earliest most important one you connect Seneca Falls to the suffragette movement of the Severa it cuz that coat that is the culmination of this stuff fridge movement Jane Addams who we talked about in the social gospel your Christian duty to help the poor she is in a arch typical archetypical of these women of the turn-of-the-century she was a wasp she was a middle class when he comes back comes from well and she devoted her life social reform to helping immigrants to improving the lives of the poor so she was a very big outspoken advocate for women's suffrage and for Social Gospel helping of the poor Ida B Wells what is another remember protesting lynching Ida B Wells Margaret Singer another she's noted for birth control as a woman's health issue it is really nothing to do about sexual promiscuity or things of that nature is fundamentally so that women don't have to be pregnant their entire lives and damage their their health and shorten their life expectancy because of it and then Alice Paul Alice Paul is the most important suffragette in the 20th century she is the leader of the women's movement at that time and then lastly marichat cat Mary Chapman Catt another suffragette leader we want to also add on here mnasa and that relates The Nineteenth Amendment and I thought it was here oh here it is it is here women's suffrage na saw National American Woman Suffrage Association nawsa this is a the modern suffrage movement picking up on Elizabeth Cady Stanton Etc and again they're pushing for the Constitutional Amendment the 19th Amendment Alice Paul is a big leader in this Mary Chapman Catt also a big leader it becomes ratified in 1920 becomes an effect 1920 The Nineteenth Amendment Wilson at first doesn't support it and then we'll support it later on so it looks like that's a lot for today we're going to have to come back and start with TR Theodore Roosevelt when we come back to the next issue thanks so much for turning in we will see you when we come back thanks again for tuning in anytime really fun doing his lectures and I hope that you're getting something out of it feel free to send me an email if you're seeing this and stay safe have a nice day it will see you soon bye bye

Uploaded by Patrick McElhaney.

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