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Progressives TR Admin part 1

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McElhaney talking about TR administration part 1

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welcome back to the history bunker today we're going to talk about Theodore Roosevelt and this is V 2D lecture on Theodore Roosevelt and the progressives so I want to share with you Lowe's fun parts All Right Moving On let's rock and roll Edge Theodore Roosevelt the number one president when you think of progressives his administration goes from 1900 to 1908 actually 1901 he has a really interesting career we see is earlier part of his life when we talked about foreign policy so look for that on that form policy of Spanish-American War mainly is a big part so hopefully look for that one but let's go through Theodore Roosevelt most important president again there's three presidents there's Taft she's met with TR Taft and Woodrow Wilson TR has a great great career he was part of the New York assembly he was Police Commissioner for New York City he was assistant Secretary of the Navy he becomes a war hero in Cuba fighting the Spanish-American War he's part of the group known as the Rough Riders he was a hero in battle he was extremely Brave he is governor of New York and he becomes McKinley's Vice McKinley assassinated 1901 and TR becomes the youngest president up to that time and I think JFK is a little bit younger than he is so he's got a great great career he's a present you want to pay attention to and know very well he was an activist he wanted conservation he wanted he believed in all of the he believed in the Progressive goals and it and the progressive strategies to use the government as an agent of human welfare which means to have the government take care of American society when we need to This Is Us in a socialist it all but he does want him to the government to step in when to solve certain problems this is the assassination of McKinley what you see on the screen is this is Leon's logs and I can't really pronounce his name very well but Leon shoots McKinley kills him again Tiaras background beliefs government can help you believe in the gospel of wealth remember that that was from Carnegie where he argues the rich have a duty the rich excuse me the rich have a duty to get back to society Carnegie wrote his book called The Gospel of wealth in Carnegie was one of the captains of industry or robber barons as we would call them on exploiting the workers and Etc but they that you know the wealthy should give back to society how does Carnegie give back he gives back well to cities he gives it to educational institutions museums and things of that nature unfortunately he obtained his riches on the backs of workers and exploited them and cut their wages made them work longer hours he ends up giving all of that wealth away but it is ironic that the workers who helped him obtain all of that well did not receive any of that wealth or receive really the benefits of it to his philanthropy ended up going to municipalities in the universe he sent two more exclusive middle-class kind of eye locations the workers who he squeeze the life out of didn't really have the opportunity to use those resources so that's a fun fact about cardi B we studied in the Gilded Age Theodore Roosevelt feared social Revolution that that's a reference to Communism or socialism you know that's a nice is a big idea that you're the Socialist movement Anarchist movement was still around you the iww was very radical you had a number of strikes going on workers were conscious of some of the Marxist ideas but the biggest argument here is that right here that Leon's laws was a socialist he was an anarchist he believed in violent overthrow the capitalist system so when they talk about fearing social Revolution that was very real a yo it's similar to terrorism it are they TR Hughes believed in this concept known as the bully pulpit and you have to know this is essential first of all the term bully the term bully means wonderful superb and it was a salutation or a a positive reinforcement and it would say bolly4u bolly4u if you did something well so it was late as you would say it's also connected to this concept known as the pulpit Pulpit is where the preacher speech speaks in in church Protestant churches are Catholic churches probably it's raised above the congregation and they preach and they give moral lessons but really it's moral lessons to the congregation until when he went ER talks about this bully pulpit he's talking about this wonderful opportunity that the presidency has to influence the population of the people of America to his goals and Tiaras one of his most important modern presidents this is a really important idea he's modern because he in the 19th century Congress was running the show most of the Congress is running the federal government and its the party the party was was doing all of the the the organizing and this is also the party was significantly corrupt okay until you have these political bosses that are running the show NTR change this so trb is a mod or president because he counters he says no to Congress in terms of no Congress I'm not going to follow your lead I'm going to leave he is going to be the leader the following the Congress will follow the party will follow he that is the essence of a strong president other strong presidents Lincoln for sure wash 10th Jackson Washington Jackson Lincoln TR is the next big one Wilson FDR a Truman tried to be strong but he was totally lost Eisenhower was moderate in too much Kennedy tries but really does LBJ strong destroys the Democratic Party and so yeah maybe Reagan could be considered I guess it's a strong president the modern president leading the party but he was also following the party so that makes back so but the point is that TR was the strong president and he believed in using this bully pulpit this spokesperson for the government for the morality of American society and he had his vision and he worked work for his vision and like he's done all throughout his life what is the duty of the president to act upon the theory that he is the steward of the people and assume that he has the legal right to do whatever the needs of the people demand unless the Constitution or the laws explicitly forbidden to do it what she says I'm going to be I'm out of box I'm not going to be a traditional president I'm going to lead in a different way but I am a servant of the people the first big idea that Roosevelt is it gets involved that shows that he's going to be a different kind of leader is this thing called the square deal he has a vision so McKinley is assassinated he comes in 1901, he's a progressive the reform movement is bubbling a little bit but there was no president supporting it and he comes in and he starts to support it he says let's have a square deal for all and remember we talked about this in the Gilded Age where you have Labor on the one hand and then you had corporations and business on the one hand and then you had that people which is the American people and then you had the government right and he says look what what traditionally happens is the government and the corporations or the businesses middle class but I don't know how you want to stay at the business is there there are have a natural tendency to work together and you get government that is correct PR said no let's have a square deal everybody is treated fairly labor the people the government and business no one gets special treatment equality under the law and so instead of just one way street where labor gives to business you're going to have business and labor in equal terms are least that's what the concept means the square is equal on all sides fair treatment of Labor and business and the example is the Coal Miner's strike 1901 1902 right around there is coal miner's strike the worlds the United States supply of coal is is threatened they didn't have enough Reserves at because of a strike and Strikes in the 19th century had been traditionally workers go on strike for wages working condition and usually they lose because you know they're starving yeah they working in these company towns and all of this that we we talked about earlier that they have no power it's the powerful decor has the power list of workers they organized they say no we're not going to cut 10% wages and work 10% more hours we want lower hours and higher wages and so they were at an impasse the Coal Miner's go on strike at last 4 months winter is coming the supply of coal is in Jeopardy or doubt for the country and in Roosevelt steps in and he says the first time a president does he says we must end this for the good of the country and I'm not automatically going to take sides of the corporation it but that's what the pattern was in the 19th century as you recall from the Gilded Age government and business United in Gilded Age in the 20th century 1901 TR starts the different process and policy that no it's not just going to be automatically pro-business we're going to look and see if the situation and they make a settlement they basically come to a settlement that is fair to everybody the citizens get the coal the coal miners get a raise the owners get to keep the coal mines and government made it happen instead of automatically siding with the business and so this is a big big sign of a shift in functioning on behalf of the Common Man and the workers instead of just helping business he calls for fair treatment of the labor unions he calls for arbitration and that's the first time did any kind of negotiating that was fair in nature between workers unions and owners PR supported regulating business this is JP Morgan he was one of the most important you know we studied him in the Gilded Age also one of the most important of the industrialists and bankers mostly Finance guy he had his fingers and everything with a trust he was a massive business owner so TR when he talks about regulating business he's going to attack jpmorgan's business called Northwestern secure in the Northwestern Securities was a giant thing called a trust we studied this back in the Gilded Age but let's reinforcement hear the truss were giant corporations that own other corporations soul like if I am a railroad trust I have a corporation that owns other railroad so we have the Baltimore and Ohio you have the reading you have the Pennsylvania you have the texts Southern you know Etc and so each one of those are corporations what would happen is it one Corporation would have have a controlling interest in all the other railroads and that's what we call a monopoly the trust ran and controlled huge amounts of American Business and money and that translated also government power if you have the money to bribe the government are you you support candy to reflect your values Etc sotr wanted to regulate business of the truss he wanted to regulate the food industry you wanted to regulate railroads he wanted to help unions who want to conserve natural resources those are really fundamental parts of Theodore Roosevelt administration and so your job at the end of this discussion is to be able to show examples of regulating a big business the trust capital of regulating food the jungle regulate the railroads Elkins and Hepburn acts helping to Union Square Deal conserving natural resources for American forest in conservation Pinchot tons but so know he cared about these main ideas the first time a president one of the big issues the progressives is that they believed that government should protect consumers from corporations that government should not allow pollution and Corruption and bad working conditions and exploitation etc etc shouldn't allow a laissez-faire economics and so they put the Sherman Antitrust Act in the 19th century but they used it to attack the labor unions the AFL etcetera the great Railroad Strike etcetera so they use that that law that was supposed to be government intervention in protecting American society they use it against the labor against the workers but not against the trust's not against these massive Corporation TR uses it the first time against the trucks against the corporations instead of the Union he supported the Department of Commerce to regulate the railroads because whoever the Grangers wanted to do that in the Gilded Age and again so he gets it done keep the Bureau of Corporations to regulate braces so they are there's honesty in the the way they function and what they say to their investors 1902 Roosevelt ordered the breakup of the massive Northern Securities this is a big detail where he's going after JP Morgan we saw on the other slide so Matt managing the trust is one of the big things that ER does or some of them he doesn't do it he doesn't do a fantastic job he doesn't go after all of them but some of them conservation saving the Wilderness Newlands Reclamation Act easy National Forest remember the national forest forest rangers this guy you got to know Gifford Pinchot Gifford Pinchot was like a guru or a a mentor to tr in terms of conservation and so TTR followed his beliefs and hired him to create the forest service to protect a natural habitat and Wildlife Etc friends with John Muir United States first conservation president established the first national park 1902 Crater Lake National Park in Oregon created the National Park Service he proposed he preserved 30 billion Acres of national and set a conservation eat those for the American people which is after him democratic presidents will generally set aside conservation set aside American Natural land Septra Democrat presidents do it what you'll see with Republican president they like in the 20th century you like they like to be more laissez-faire more pro-business like to open up government land to business intervention like drilling for oil is the big one 1920s is a big scandal break in the 1980s George W bush in 1992 thousands they all have these examples of trying to open up Wildlife Preserve land to business and PR didn't the movement for conservation of wildlife in the larger movement of conservation of all our natural resources are essentially Democratic and spirit purpose and Method now he means Democratic not not democratic what Democrat is an equality of access and in treatment and things of that nature voting what are the most important elements trz Administration was influenced by the book The Jungle by put a reference to this in the files online on the website this book profoundly influences TR to step in and regulate the food production food industry basically the jungle is a wonderful novel that describes the Meatpacking in the Industry in Chicago it goes through the life of a family the jerk is family and they're from Lithuania Eastern Europe that represents the new immigrants in this era we studied at the Gilded Age makes you look you got a new Gilded Age inside and out you can't do Progressive so he's writing this story of this immigrant family and it comes to America that reflects the late 19th century reflects the last 20 years 1882 19th at whatever and in this story everybody dies it's horrible it's shows the life of the immigrants from bad working conditions to disease to pay party to socialism to exploitation of women and prostitution and just a myriad of problems but a lot of it is on this meat packing industry they're telling stories about what's happening in the factories and it's very very graphic and horrible and Tre read it and said we have to do something all of these things are in it Alex and who are the only people that can do it his government unfortunate government is the only entity that has the power to counter business that has so much power all so and so someone has to speak for the Common Man someone has to speak for the power less or we get what we call fascism and exploitation and a third world country etcetera so he steps can we get this Pure Food and Drug Act regulating Food Industries do we get the Food and Drug Administration that's the other component to it the Meat Inspection Act all of these things are going to be extremely important 40R in really represents a fundamental change between 19th century laissez-faire and 20th Century intervention Progressive Era are we doing everybody welcome back to the history bunker always lean in I don't know what I'm doing I'm a b I'm stretching or something welcome back the great great song alrighty well what's in that crate that was from the band The Night They Drove Old Dixie Down it was wonderful but we are at I think we're in Progressive number 6 sorry for having to cut out there but my voice was going I had to get a little agua hair okay sorry about that so we're transitioning from TR Theodore Roosevelt and his administration and how he was a modern president and how he wanted to change America how he breaks that the traditional mold of a president being pro-business he was an extremely unique person we have to really do something we're going to another segment on just his biography just his his beliefs his voice if you will so we talked about the square deal we talked about the Coal Miner's strike JP Morgan we talked about deleting business maybe this would be a good slide to reinforce all that regulating business he regulated the railroads you regulated the trust regulating food he did the Pure Food and Drug she did the Food and Drug Administration the Meat Inspection Act regulate the railroads as the Hepburn act and railroad Department of Commerce Hill to Union Square Deal in conserving natural resources in the forestry all those things you should make sure that you know trust busting Sherman Antitrust Act key term Bureau of Corporations is one more detail Bureau of Corporations conservation Gifford Pinchot make sure you know Pichu Pinchot National Park Service the jungle Upton Sinclair spurred the Meat Inspection Act it's a great great book if your histories person you got to read that book Dallas transition to Taft Howard Taft was FDR's vice-president he was TR Secretary of War in the first Administration when you take just simply takes over from from McKinley Taft is a great great human beings have traditional Republican from Ohio really doesn't have he's he loved the law he was a great lawyer he comes from a family of lawyers he had a great personality he was married to a wonderful woman who was a progressive woman in a you know kind of suffragette as well as you're just a community leader she was a humanitarian at cetera Taft basically wanted to serve and he gets involved with TR they were buddies when TR was vice president is Septra problem with Taft is Taft is a Conservative Republican which means he is not radical like TR he was Progressive he said yes government should protect people he had that Sensibility compared to tr he was very conservative TR wanted to do all of these things and Taft was less he's more let's just take it slow and that will be his downfall but see our loved him we are chosen to be the next president TR believed he would reinforce all of his policies rock and roll Seattle this today always good note says we go summarize your main ideas thanks so much a great day

Uploaded by Patrick McElhaney.

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Progressives TR Admin part 1

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