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Cognition concepts.problem solving and schema part 2

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McElhaney talking about Cognition concepts.problem solving and schema part 2

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hi welcome back sorry for that brief delay was planning my bike ride or today cuz that's okay you can go out and ride your bike just don't get hit by a car or you want to keep the contact with other people down to a minimum absolute minimum all right so cognitive map these are all mental image imagery used in your mind Concepts cerveza got to know what a proposition is schemas are almost our most important strips not come out mental imagery is visual images or auditory images in your mind's eye number synesthesia you have a mixing this you're not going to see much in cognition that's in sensation perception but that's always to remember synesthesia is a mixing of the sensation of taste tasting colors you'll always get synesthesia we use imagery when we think we use imagery we make decisions and solve problems mental models representations do any cognitive map by creating or concept map by for example we would say psychology we would do a concept map on the whole topic of psychology it would something like this don't have a way to draw so I'm going to use this this is my drawing and so how does this work well if you were to say okay let's make a concept map of Psych then you have other things that connect to it in that way that's a visual representation to get it and so there's bio history and approaches you got cognitive psychology you've got social psychology get it heading that way that's called a concept map that's awesome call the graphic organizer okay and we do this automatically in our brain so mental models if you can and again it's very important if you can do these flowcharts metal model diagrams this will help you conceptualize understand the whole picture so that's a really good strategy of graphic organizers but we can again the key idea here is we do this in our mind in our with are just simply our brain Concepts this is very important if you're going to make sure you get something what is a concept concept is a and idea this could be a abstract to be a tangible or a or an abstract thing a concrete or it could be it but what's with the fundamental that a concept is that it has common Properties or features common proper these are features that all members of that concept share and I use I always make okay let's hear it concept computer concept computer have all of these common properties there's a screen there's a keyboard that has electronic stuff and you can send emails with it or you can do certain things that is called a concept computer now is concept notebook it doesn't have the things that a computer has are completely different you follow so in order to have the characteristics of computer to be a concept you have to have the properties of computer in order for you to be no book you have to have properties of notebook and that's all that you really need to know where the concert is that concept have shares common factors that helped when we talked about concepts are ideas that represent a class of objects it could be App Store concrete again it's features that they share in common notebook is not computer one other thing was we classify information according to categories and that's a connecting Concepts sew-in in concept understanding the concepts you have positive instances and you have negative instances in this is an instance positive instant it's a negative instance for computer to get it very very easy and then last it's the schema concept I want it I'm going to draw this again and I really wish I could draw here looks like all this but I can't I don't have the right resources for dinner so again here's the schema if this is your if this is your brain you get new information goes into your brain you're processing it you're thinking about it mental processing and then what is this information Acts get sorted into these things called file folders for file imagine your brain is a giant file cabinet and this concept is about cognition psych and English you're going to have all of these elements of psychology are going to be parallel you follow these elements so there's bio there's history and approaches they're so stole their developmental there's cognition there abnormal there's treatment you can have all these information so let's say we get cognition goes into your brain you start processing it it goes into the account you storing it in the proper location oldest cat is storing the information in the proper locations going your site folder but then it's going to go Chicago mission you follow it goes to cognition and that's where we store it so our brain automatically uses this concept of schema we categorize all of our information into these things cuz Network their generalization but there's multiple connections so you're connecting cognition right so like we did memory memories part of cognition boom that's memory but it's also part of psychology and there's also a bio connection do you follow there's also a developmental connection at these connections or what reinforced ischemic connection you may synapses each connection you make are memory traces each connection you make our ways and areas to help you with remembering and recalling so it's very important connection will be gone before we transition to reasoning I want to talk about Bloom's taxonomy for a minute and again this is very very useful the judge the quality something based on queso fries at Bloom's taxonomy sorry taxonomy what this does is it basically tells us about what kind of mental tasks were asking our students to engage in soda for educators most of the time and if you kids I think you could see this we're stuck down here in regular classes the hardest part is getting them to do the work and to know the once you have a base of knowledge then you can rise up on this pyramid of more complex mental tasks comprehension I read and I understand okay I understand this can you get up to application analysis synthesis evaluation sometimes you can understand and comprehend through analysis do you follow sometimes it's through making something like a creating something sometimes it's through making judgments but they say these are the basic out building blocks these are higher order higher functioning cognitive tasks again with cheaters we want to be up here we want them to be doing all these evaluation synthesizing analysis and application here with just getting them the information is there again there's so much information how do we get them to engage in these more meaningful activities higher cognitive functioning higher thinking skills but it's hard it's extremely difficult to get because you're always down here just getting them to understand the material. And then these are much deeper under manifestations of understanding I hope some of that make sense to you okay reasoning is thinking you're evaluating you're generating making conclusions but that's all part of reasoning let's talk about problem solving strategies for a minute we have Mechanical Solutions solving by and heuristics ideal and then inside so really simple write these down and just get this brief explanation mechanical solution is trial and error by mechanical solution you should be able to find a solution solving by understanding contemplating thinking analyzing and if you spend enough time eventually you'll have an epiphany that you'll come to an understanding and algorithm is very similar to Mechanical solution it is a process where are you you can't not find a solution it's just a matter of if you follow this process you will eventually find a solution she'll Solution that's what an algorithm is in this context of problem solving in Psychology Asher wrist it is an is a problem-solving strategy so an algorithm could be a heuristic solving by understanding is a heuristic it's a strategy Mechanical Solutions are heuristics but weak weak have some very specific heuristics called the anchoring heuristic the representative heuristic in the availability heuristic so the anchoring heuristic that's very easy automatically strategy I automatically use this strategy so my anchoring heuristic is solving by understanding I analyze the problem I think about the problem and I take down I take it apart look at all pieces and then I understand it what makes it my anchoring is that if I can anchor and tied to it I always use it cuz it's the one that I go to first and if I can't solve the problem using the anchoring heuristic then I do something else the representative heuristic this this concept says I solve problems based on other problems so once 12 Mi Sol by understanding another problem I solve by the ideal you no problem solving strategy so what the concept is is you choose your strategies your turistic based on what you have used in the past that has worked in this particular type of solution is that make sense to a representative heuristic is a a problem solving strategy that you used in the past to solve a similar problem what make what's the difference between anchoring and representative heuristic would be a representative heuristic is not used all the time and anchoring heuristic you would start with I start with this and then I'm going to move on so for example if I had a lost car keys the problem is my car keys are lost okay so I have a problem with the key well my anchoring heuristic anchoring heuristic is I retrace my footsteps I always retraced my footsteps when I when I lose something so maybe it's lost keys my by anchoring heuristic I always retrace my my steps and all problems if I lose something I retrace my steps that's an anchoring heuristic well if another heuristic that I could use is a representative heuristic memes I normally use my anchoring heuristic but at this particular lost key problem I'm going to use a special heuristic that I have that helps me find things when they're lost so I what would be a different I systematically go through my room so systemic systemic so I start searching in this area and then I start searching in this area that has a representative heuristic problem solving I have used before in that particular type of problem is that makes sense I hope that really have it done very good with that one but another term is called the availability heuristic availability I use whatever handy to achieve my goal to solve the problem so if I don't have time to systematically use my representative heuristic like systematic searching and I don't time for retracing my steps maybe I'll go with what's available I will get my spare key and I'll duplicate that to get it that's a I'm using whatever is available at the time or the Sarah want to get into my car and I lost my keys I take the Rock and I smashed the window that's an available heuristic it's not ideal but it's going to solve that problem and then lastly the ideal the ideal is a very specific problem solving strategy that says I specifically identify Define evaluate act and learn let's look at ideal for a minute identify Define explore act and look and learn identify my problem I Define the problem clearly explore the possible solutions I act hypothesis for the results that's called the ideal problem-solving strategy Mesa make sure you know that one and again here or the word this on this PowerPoint again trial and error solving by understanding an algorithm heuristic anchoring representative availability ideal stopping by inside is get it's a lot like inside as a lot like solving by understanding you process it long enough and eventually you'll get something involves selective encoding selecting and that is relevant to a problem ignore your distractions Focus so seeing a solution rapid clear info ideas about a topic so just imagine you have an epiphany that's how I fix this problem all right well jeez barriers to problem solving these are always talked about come for my information bias you have an idea you ignore other ideas you're looking for only the answer that you know confirmation by functional fixedness you would say this is only used for one thing I can only see that this is a coaster I could not see it as anything else right perhaps you're not thinking more broadly enough you could say this could be art it could be a necklace right it could be a holder for my marker do you follow what functional fixedness it means your stock and you can't conceive alternative solution because you're very limited in your thinking again restricted thinking disc-o-bed problem what would be limiting our response to this problem solving strategy and the answer is we're not thinking outside of the box if we're thinking only with what's traditional we're not going to think about other possible solutions is so restricted thinking and function fixedness fit closer together emotional barriers you too emotional you can't think of other possibilities or you're not emotional enough I mean if it can be both a restriction and a and even in a enhancement we always look for those things emotional barriers cultural barriers Islam have to have group prayer will that prevent you from limiting the exposure of the coronavirus do you follow how that's a cultural element its deals with religion and customs and practices sometimes you can't see what you no or what you beyond your own contacts so there could be barriers learned barriers you just you're not learned you're not reinforced and creating positive you're not reinforced in being more creative in your thinking and your problem-solving approaches and then perceptual barriers you don't know what you don't know famous line from Donald Trump's hill run styles with former Secretary of defense under George W bush she was one of the architects of the Iraq War II Iraq War he said there are known knowns and there were unknown unknowns with me and we don't know what we don't know get it those would be perceptual barriers would be those unknown unknowns we don't know if we are unable to perceive the idea or the concept so I got various two problems I would say go through those on your own we've done I've done a little bit on each one functional fixedness I've seen a lot restricted thinking is is parallel to a number of these so I wouldn't reinforce those strongly creative thinking that is Divergent thinking okay convergent you're more focused on what everyone is looking at divergent you're opening up to differ possibility that's a big idea inductive is like Gestalt specific to the facts or general principle so your inductive is similar to just stole in that its bottom processing and deductive thinking is top-down going from the big idea so inductive is bottom-up deductive is top-down UPS if you were to say inductive is equal to bottom up and deductive is talk down if you are is your thinking terms of a Gestalt I don't want to share one after that logical thinking proceeding from giving a new conclusions based of explicit rules based on formal process principles of reasoning there's a typo Fallout 4 principles of reasoning get back to it we're almost done thank you for holding out this long creativity these are great things sternberg's five components of creativity expertise imagination a venturesome personality means being able to think outside of the bat box being more willing to take risks venturesome personality intrinsic motivation oh these things can at a to creativity creative environment expertise is number one knowing your material inside and out will make the difference what else we got going motivation if you're highly motivated you can be more creative these are different ways of testing creativity to their kind of Interest okay all these are important incubation stinking now here's what kills creativity working under surveillance you know we know we call that the Observer a fact you would do not do your best work usually people don't respond well it could be what we call it so so inhibited inhibiting your social facilitation and social other people watching can inhibit your creativity restricted being told that there are rules reduce his creativity only things worried about self evaluation really bad cuz you won't to your best creative work working to get to get more money and then Time treasure kills creativity I am getting a lot of notices daughter sorry about that sorry about that okay 26 minutes let's stop now what language and when we get back alright hey thanks again I don't know if anybody is watching this I hope this is helpful in some way you should be starting on a mode Haitian emotion I'm going to give you a note on that the reading for next week is motivation emotion and that's all she wrote hit me up tell me if you have questions anything you need

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Cognition concepts.problem solving and schema part 2

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