AP Environmental Science (Period 1) Assignments

Multiple Choice Exam - 100 question multiple choice exam taken directly from previous years AP Environmental Exam.

Change in plans- no multiple choice on Friday. No need to show up at 7:AM.

Use Princeton Review to study for multiple choice test on chapters 7, 9, 10, and 11 (These chapters are the chapter in the Princeton Review )

Use the Princeton Review to study for multiple choice test on Chapters 3, 4, and 6 (these are the chapters in the Princeton Review.

Study Guide 12 due.

FRQ - During intervention:

1) Explain what is an El Nino and where it occurs
2) Explain the connections between EL Nino and diseases
3) Which part of the world would more likely be affected between the link of El Nino and dieases.
4) Explain three other environmental problems associated with ENSO

Study for Multiple choice test using the Princeton Review.
Sections -
1) Population Ecology pages 82 - 106.
2) Pollution Pages 150 - 174

FRQ during intervention:

1) Identify three indoor air pollutants and be able to discuss the source, method of clean up, and the types of building affected.
2) Explain a "sick building" and how is a sick building determined.

Preparation for FRQ during Intervention

1) Be able to read information available on a graph and calculate percentages.
2) Know the sources of pollution for lead, ozone, carbon dioxide, particulates and describe the physiological effects on humans
3) What is the EPA, and explain why and when it was created?

See attached.

1) Global Climate Change assignment
2) Finding and Analyzing air Quality Data

Take home test chapters 17- Fossils Fuel and the Environment and
Chapter 18 - Nuclear Energy and the Environment.

1) Explain the disaster that happened in Bhopal, India
a) What year did the disaster occur?
b) Name the company, the product being produced and the chemical released
c) How many people died as a result of the disaster?
d) What were some of the symptoms as a result of the exposure?
e) What was done to correct or compensate the people of Bhopal?

1)Other than carbon sequestration list three other ways to reduce carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Explain the positive and negative effects of each

2) What is the Kyoto Protocol? ( When where and why it was negotiated)
2b) What was required of industrial nations?
2c) Which two countries were exempt and why?
2d) Give one reason the US did not ratify the protocol?

Three Mile Island

1) Explain when and where the accident happened.
2) Explain what caused the problem and how it was corrected
3) State the amount of radiation released and compare it to the normal levels
5) How many people were affected and was evacuation needed?
6) What is the current state of the area?

1)What was the Hindinburg?
1b)Explain what happened to the space craft.
1c)What factors played a role in its fate?

2) What happened in the town of Centralia, Pennsylvania - "A Town on Fire"
2b) How did the fire get started?
2c) What methods were employed to put out the blaze?
2d) Why did these prove unsuccessful?
2e) What is eminent domain and why is this relevant to Centralia?
2f) What is the current day situation in the town?

Chapter 18 ; Alternative Energy and the Environment

1) Explain Ocean thermal Conversion
2) What problems were encountered with this technology? ( Pg 365)
3) Explain how hydrogen is used and stored and transported.
4) List two ways of producing hydrogen and explain the problem of both .
5) Is the reference made to the use of waterwheel in the earlier part of the century relevant? Why or why not?
6) Explain pump storage and why would there still be a need for oil, nuclear energy, or coal?
7) Explain how water falling from high altitude might affect fishes ( 369)
8) Explain tidal power and how and the disadvantages
9) Where must the wind turbines constructed to be useful?
10) Explain the importance of these placements
11) How is wind form?
12) List regions in America where wind farms might be feasible
13) What is biomass energy?
14) List some of the sources, examples, uses
15) List 3 environmental problems encountered from using biomass fuel
16) What is geothermal energy?
17) What temperatures are reached by these geysers and where are they located?
18) Is this form of energy useful (energy efficiency pg 324) and even so what would prevent it from being harnessed in park?
19) Advantages and disadvantages of using geothermal energy.
20 List 3 policy issues with developing renewable energy resources.

1)Draw a fractionating distillation columns showing the distillation of crude oil.
List the items distilled at the different temperature and the uses of the items. (Be specific and give details)

Study Guide for Chapter 20 and 21 ( Study guide for 14 and 15 to follow)
1) Define the following the words: overdraft, water budget, influent streams, variable source approach, vadose zones, aquifer, and wetland
2) Know how the following are formed: sinkholes,
3) Know the importance of the Colorado River
4) Know the factors affecting ground water overdrafting
5) Understand the process of desalination and hydroelectric power generation, geothermal energy,
6) Explain offstream, instream, and consumptive use of water and give example of each
7) Know the reason for channelization of the river
8) What types of lands are classified as wetlands? Example, bogs, swamps
9) What is the average modern annual use of water per person
10) Know the definition of infiltration, overland flow, through flow, ground water flow, and capillary flow
11) Know the condition necessary for wildlife to survive in the streams
12) What sector in USA consumes the most water
13) Be able to label the diagram on page 408, Figure 20.3

Chapter 21
1) Define the following terms; acid mine drainage, point source, secondary treatment, cryptosporidium, fecal coliform bacteria, water pollution, BOD,and septic tank
2) Know the primary advantage of using wetlands for wastewater treatment
3) Know the threats to the Long Island ground water( pg 452)
4) Identify the reason groundwater pollution is difficult to treat
5) Know the principal cause of the degradation of the Illinois River
6) Know the effects of nitrogen and phosphorus to bodies of water
7) Know the effects of sediment pollution to rivers and streams
8) What is the threat of salt water intrusion to groundwater
9) What is the most easily accessible supply of fresh water?
10) Know the most abundant water pollutant by weight?
11) Know which organisms transmit diseases to water
12) Know the two important nutrients that cause water pollution problems

Do Research on the oil spill by British Petroleum (BP)
1) What was the cause of the spill?
2) What methods were used for the clean up?
3) List some of the species affected
4) How long will it take before the area is totally restored to normal?

Study guide 10 due

Chapter 21
1) Explain how the oxygen required for biochemical processes might be affected
b) What is the threshold level for water quality alert regarding dissolved oxygen?
2) Explain the 3 zones for pollution identified in regards to the availability of dissolved oxygen
3) The largest outbreak of waterborne disease occurred in Milwaukee
a) When did it happen and how many people died?
b) what was the name of the disease organism?
c) Why did it happen?( Treatment?)
d) Where else did a similar outbreak occur and how many people were affected?
e) How can this particular disease organism be removed?
4) Where are fecal coliform bacteria found?
a) What is the threshold level for swimming and drinking?
b) Which fast food chain had the outbreak in 1993? Answer not in text
c) How many States, and people were affected?
d)How many people died?
5) What is the biggest water pollutant(Agriculture contributes but is not the answer)
6) What is acid mine drainage?
b) Explain the formation of the sulfuric acid.
c) List three areas with significant acid mine pollution
7)List the Acts that were instituted to prevent water pollution and explain the specific purpose of each

FRQ Study guide:
1) Explain three environmental problems that are associated with water diversion
2) If there is a water shortage give an argument as to why water should be diverted for urban consumption and an argument for permitting the flow to natural areas.
3) Identify another example,other than the Colorado River, of a large scale water-diversion project. Discuss two environmental problems that have resulted, or might result from this project.

FRQ 2:
1) Be able to plot a smooth curve through data points to show overall trend.
2) Explain the meaning of the term LD50 (ED50) Be able to recognize LD 50 for concentration amounts given.
3) Be able to define threshold level of toxicity and be able to recognize the threshold level from information given.
4) Be able to relate the information in the data provided to humans and explain for comparing the information to humans and one argument for not doing so.

1)Give 3 examples of elements that have been added food or other molecules to aid human development
2) Explain the intended benefits of each of these elements
3) Explain in what form the element is added
4) What are possible negative consequence each additive.

Study guide for FRQs:
Be a to refute the following argument regarding the use of pesticide
a) fear of lukemia
b) pesticides are needed to prevent starvation in third world countries
c) there is only minimal health risk
d) the effect on the ground water
e) spraying transfers the chemicals to neighboring lands
f) the cycle of the treadmill ( the pest evolve requiring more and and greater concentration of pesticides)
g) the pesticides only attacks certain pest
h) the pesticides are broken down into less toxic form

Explain the effects of pest on agriculture or human health and identify ways to control the pest.

FRQ 2
Identify one threatened or endangered species
Describe three characteristics that make a species particularly vulnerable to extinction
Give three characteristics why biodiversity is important
Explain a United States Law or international treaty that is intended to prevent the the extinction of species

Study for multiple choice and FRQ on January 24

Chapter 11 Study guide:
Know the following for test on Friday.
Cash crop, subsistence
Aquaculture, mariculture, agriculture
Malnourishment, undernourishment
Relationship farming and ecological succession
How would conversion of rangeland to cropland affect the environment?
Hydroponics
Where is most of the world’s food supply obtained?
World’s most abundant crop species
Examples of cash crops/subsistent crop
How much of the current crop is being used as current crops and how much for cultivation
Liebegs law of the minimum
Cellulose
slash and burn agriculture

Chapter 12 What is the purpose of adding a terminator gene?
What is biological pest control?
Know the impact of overgrazing on the land
What is involved in modern demand based agriculture?
Read article on page 234 and know the positive impact of flooding the land in the winter
What is integrated pest management?
Why according to the text would converting all rangeland to cropland would increase environmental damage?
What is the dominant force causing the excessive amount of desert land?
What are the symptoms of desertification?
What is no till agriculture?
What is the most effective method to avoid soil erosion?
When does overgrazing of pastureland occur?
Under what conditions do deserts occur naturally?
Explain why DDT is still being used in large areas around the world
What happens when pests develop resistance to a chemical?
Know the factors determining soil type
Know the measure to prevent desertification
Know the characteristics of contour ploughing
Know the factors that sustain soil fertility
Why is agriculture linked to the threat of global warming?
What is the principal drawback of broadspectrum pesticide?
What percentage of crops is lost to pest?
What is the leading cause of crop loss in agriculture?
What kind of condition is required to maintain cattle at high densities?
How is the rate of loss of soil fertility m

Study guide 6

Multiple choice exam and FRQ.

Study guide
Know the following terms:
1) tolerance,succession, interference, reforestation, density independent population, depauperate ecosystem, and facilitation
2) Know the role of sedge plant forming floating mats over water surface.
3) Know the threat to the ponderosa forest
4) Explain the role of fire in the natural process of wilderness
5) Where does chronic patchiness occur?
6) Understand the concept of climax community
7) Know the community with the highest diversity
8) Identify species most tolerant to shade and which to harsh conditions
9) Understand the concept of succession and the appearance of species
10) Know the difference between pond and bog as successional species
11) Explain succession in a bog
12) What was the policy regarding fires between 1963 and 1988?

FRQ-
1) Explain characteristics of forest that develop when fires are suppressed and why fire suppression does not reduce but increases fire risk.
2) Explain ecosystem services provided for humans by forest. Explain how clear-cutting would affect each ecosystem service described.
3) Identify type of community or biome other than forest by fire and explain how the fire maintains the community.

1) What is the healthy forest initiative?
2) What are the pro and con of the initiative?


Also remember home work assigned in class- (Changes made to the city of Boston)

21 Question multiple choice exam and FRQ


Multiple choice
Know the following:
a) autotrophs,chemoautotrophs, heterotrophs
b) know the information on the Laws of Thermodynamics (see page 167 of text)
c) Energy flow in a closed system.
d) know what accounts for a large portion of primary production in oceans
e) What happens when a ecosystem is closed to energy
f) How is the Earth's biomass measured?
g) what is energy fixation?
h) know the differences between chemosynthesis and photosynthesis
I) know the terminology change in biomass
j) Reread the case study on page 162 about the stump forest in Michigan
k) what are detrivores?
l) define energy efficiency
m) know the autotrophs in a marine organism

FRQ
a) know the importance of leaf cover in deciduous forest
b) know the possible abiotic changes that would result in lack of leaf litter coverage
c) know some of the effects of the introduction of invasive exotic species
d) know how to design a control experiment- including the control, the variable to be measured, the repeated trials.

Study guide 3 due.

FRQ:

1) Be able to plot a graph of crude birth rate and death rate.
2) Read and interpret the graph
3) know factors accounting for rapid decline in death rate in a country
4) know why birth would have been high in 1855 and slow to decline
5) Determine population growth base on annual growth rate.
6) know the formula to determine exponential growth rate. See page 41 of the Botkin.

Note- Antibiotic was not developed until approximately 1925.

Population math assignment due

Paper on genetically modified foods due

The Chilean miners
1) What were the miners mining?
2)How deep below the surface was the mining area
3) What caused the accident?
4) What was done and how did they survive after being trapped for 69 day?
5) How did they get the necessary oxygen and food supplies to the miners?
6) List two things that might have contributed to the successful rescue of the men.

Part 3
The Biomes:
* Arctic Tundra
* Grassland ( prairie, savanna, steppe0
* Chaparral (Mediterranean climate)
* Desert
* Coniferous Forest (boreal forest, taiga
* Tropical Rain Forest
* Deciduous Forest (Broadleaf)
* Estuaries and Fresh Water Biomes (Wetlands)
* Ocean Biomes (Saltwater Biome, Marine)

Address the following issues for each biome:
1) What are some of the abiotic factors that are the cause of your biome. For example what kind of temperatures does your biome experience? How much rainfall does it receive? What type of soil does it have?
2) Where is your biome located around the Earth?
3) What kinds of producers are found in your biome?
4) What kinds of consumers are found in your biome?
5) What makes the biomes interesting or unique?
6) How is the biome being harmed or destroyed by human activity?
7) Describe the range of tolerance for various organisms in each habitat (See page 73 Miller) Use diagram ( 2 points)
8) Give an example of competitive exclusion in the habitat

(2 Points for each of the 6 questions and 4 points for pictorial representation of each biome)

Study guide:
Know the following:
1) The amount of people presently living on earth
2) Know about the carrying capacity of the Chinook salmon- reading from text
3) Know the statement of the Gaia hypothesis
4) know the effects of the industrial revolution as it relates to the human population
5) know the characteristics of e - Selected species
6)replacement fertility rate
7)what is inductive logic
8) Define theory
9) Define positive and negative feedback
10) know how to identify independent and dependent variable
11) be able to define carrying capacity
12)What is the definition of a megacity?

First Free Response Question (FRQ)
The free response question will be answered in class under test conditions. Thus, it will be individual work, (no talking or questions will be allowed), and each student will have 20 minutes to complete the writing. No additional time will be given.

Please review the following in order to answer the questions.

1) know how to interpret data in the age structure diagram
2) be able to explain the reason for the differences in infant mortality rates in developing and developed countries
3) Describe the differences in both birth rate and death rate for a country making the transition from pre-industrial to an industrial society
4) Explain an incentive that a country could offer to reduce population. Explain how the incentive could work and possible draw back

Study guide 2 due today.

Study guide 1 with vocabulary due.
Warm ups also due.

Packet due for study guide 2

Explain the who, what, why, where, when, and how were appropriate for the following:

1) 1948 - Air pollution disaster of Donora, Pennsylvania
http://www.fluoridation.com/donora.htm



2) 1952 - London killer fog.

http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=873954


3) 1963 – New York City air pollution

4) 1978 – Love Canal, New York
http://www.epa.gov/history/topics/lovecanal/01.htm